Access of testosterone prescription data by U.S. government agencies

[Nelson Vergel]

Most states allowed some form of access by law enforcement to testosterone prescription data through PDMPs (Table). Of the 50 states, 11 (22%) required law enforcement obtain a warrant, 14 (28%) required a subpoena, and 24 (48%) did not require a warrant or subpoena. Nearly every state (92%; 42/50) allowed the formation of cross-state data sharing agreements. Law enforcement was allowed to receive unsolicited reports from PDMPs in 28% (14/50) of states. For law enforcement to query a PDMP database, 46% (23/50) of states mandated law enforcement report the query contents. Among the 18 states with a ban on gender-affirming care for minors, 10 did not require a warrant or subpoena, 5 require a subpoena, and 3 require a warrant (Figure). Among the 32 states without a ban on gender-affirming care, 24 (75%) did not require law enforcement to obtain a warrant.

State Policies Regulating Law Enforcement Access to Testosterone Prescription Data

This study identifies state policies authorizing law enforcement access to prescription drug monitoring program data and discusses the characteristics of those policies, particularly in states with laws banning gender-affirming care.

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