Asian J Androl. 2016 Oct 28. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.190323. [Epub ahead of print]
Fatty acid intake in relation to reproductive hormones and testicular volume among young healthy men.
Mínguez-Alarcón L1,2, Chavarro JE3,4,5, Mendiola J2, Roca M6, Tanrikut C7,8, Vioque J9,10, Jørgensen N11, Torres-Cantero AM2,12.
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1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2Department of Health and Social Sciences, Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Murcia School of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain.
3Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
6Roca Fertility, Advanced Clinic Management SLU, Murcia, Spain.
7Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
8Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
9CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
10Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernández University, Elche-Alicante, Spain.
11Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
12Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels and testicular volume among healthy young Spanish men. This is a cross-sectional study among 209 healthy male volunteers conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Murcia Region of Spain. Participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and smoking, and each underwent a physical examination, and provided a blood sample. Linear regression was used to examine the association between each fatty acid type and reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes. Monounsaturated fatty acids intake was inversely associated with serum blood levels of calculated free testosterone, total testosterone, and inhibin B. A positive association was observed between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and luteinizing hormone concentrations. In addition, the intake of trans fatty acids was associated with lower total testosterone and calculated free testosterone concentrations (P trend = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively related to testicular volume while the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids was inversely related to testicular volume. These data suggest that fat intake, and particularly intake of omega 3, omega 6, and trans fatty acids, may influence testicular function.