Waterjet Ablation Therapy for Treating BPO in Patients with Small-to Medium-size Glands

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Waterjet Ablation Therapy for Treating Benign Prostatic Obstruction in Patients with Small- to Medium-size Glands: 12-month Results of the First French Aquablation Clinical Registry.
Misrai V, Rijo E, Zorn KC, Barry-Delongchamps N, Descazeaud A.


Background: Aquablation has emerged as a novel ablative therapy combining image guidance and robotics for targeted waterjet adenoma resection.

Objective: To describe a standardized technique of aquablation in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), and to report the perioperative and 1-yr functional outcomes obtained by multiple surgeons with no previous experience of the technique.

Design, setting, and participants: Between September 2017 and January 2018, patients referred to three different urological centers for BPO surgical management were prospectively enrolled to undergo an aquablation procedure.

Surgical procedure: Aquablation was performed using the Aquabeam system (Procept BioRobotics, Redwood Shores, CA, USA) that combines transrectal prostatic image guidance and robotics bespoke tissue resection with a high-pressure saline jet. The surgeon defines the area of treatment, and the resection is executed automatically.

Measurements: The primary endpoint was the change in total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score at 6 and 12 mo. Functional outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo with IPSS, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15, Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and Male Sexual Health Questionnaire questionnaires and uroflowmetry.

Results and limitations: Thirty patients were enrolled in the study. The median operative time and resection time were 30.5 (24–35) and 4 (3.1–4.9) min, respectively. The median catheterization time was 43 (23–49) h. The median hospitalization stay was 2 (2–4) d. The IPSS score improved to 3 (1–6) at the 6 mo, with a mean change of 15.6 points (95% confidence interval 13–18.2). IPSS improvements persisted at month 12. The maximum urinary flow rate improved to 20.4 (17–26) ml/s at 12 mo. The 6-mo rates of Clavien-Dindo grade 2 and 3 events were 13.3%. There were no reports of incontinence or de novo erectile dysfunction. Postoperative de novo ejaculatory dysfunction was observed in 26.7% of patients

Conclusions: This clinical registry confirmed that aquablation was feasible, safe, and effective, and provided immediate good functional results and similar outcomes to those of prior studies despite the lack of surgeons’ previous experience with the technique.

Patient summary: Aquablation is feasible, safe, and reproducible with promising outcomes for treating benign prostatic enlargement.
 

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Does this procedure maintain ejaculation?

*Postoperative de novo ejaculatory dysfunction was observed in 26.7% of patients

*Eight (26.7%) patients had ejaculatory dysfunction


The results were reproducible in terms of erectile and ejaculatory function. Sexual function, as measured by the MSHQ and IIEF surveys, appeared to be mostly preserved. Similar to the results reported by Bach et al. [9], we reported antegrade ejaculation preservation in 73.3% of the patients. The rate of ejaculatory dysfunction reported in the literature varies from 10% for prostate volumes ranging from 30 to 80 cc [5] to 6.5% for prostate volumes ranging from 60 to 150 cc [11] and could be influenced by the preoperative prostate size. The smaller the prostate, the more difficult the ultrasound mapping. However, in the subgroup analysis, the rates of ejaculatory dysfunction were found to be similar: 17% in <100 cc patients and 14% in >100 cc patients [5].
 
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Confirming the results of prior trials, the rate of anejaculation after aquablation in our cohort (eight of 30, 27%) appears to be substantially lower than that after TURP or other ablative procedures, probably because targeted resection under conditions of imaging guidance and robotic execution avoids damage to structures critical to sexual function. Surgical treatment options for men with BPH include TURP, transurethral enucleation with lasers, and other treatments. Our preliminary experience suggests that aquablation is equally safe and effective in men with BPH and prostate sizes between 30 and 80 cc. A recently published study [2] suggests that aquablation may be a viable treatment option for men with even larger (80–150 cc) prostates, a prostate size we did not include in the current study.
 
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